Belajar Agar Berkembang: Mei 2023

Rabu, 31 Mei 2023

FOSS Weekly #23.22: Immutable Ubuntu Edition, Face Unlock and More Linux Stuff

Immutable is the new buzzword in the Linux world. Started with container-focused working environments, and it is also coming to desktop variants.

With Fedora already there, Ubuntu is also planning for a Snap-based immutable desktop edition in 2024.

Seems like immutability is the future of Linux.

💬 Let's see what else you have in this edition of FOSS Weekly:

First look at Sniffnet, a Rust-based network monitoring tool
Using face unlocking in Linux
And other Linux news, videos, puzzles and, of course, memes!

📰 Linux news

The Budgie-flavored Fedora Onyx is all set to be a new immutable Fedora Variant.
PyPI recently had to share user data with the US Department of Justice.
Microsoft has made Azure Linux generally available as a container host for Azure Kubernetes.
Mozilla introduced a brand-new logo for the Thunderbird email client.
MX Linux 23 Beta is now available for testing.

🧠 What we’re thinking about

There is no cloud. It's just someone else's computer. Own your computer. Or should I say, own your servers?

🛍️ Interesting offers for Linux users

Unleash the creative power of Blender, the free and open-source software tool for 3D artists, with this bundle of books from Packt.

🧮 Tips and Tutorials

Even though Snap packages are updated automatically, you can still control updates manually. Learn more on the update mechanism of Snap.

By default, Netflix only streams in 720p which is not even considered HD anymore. Here is what you can do to improve streaming quality on Firefox and Chrome.

If you are in experimental mode, here's something you can try.

📹 What we are watching

Three videos in three weeks! Is there a reward for such a streak? 😉

✨ Application highlights

Sniffnet is a pretty neat tool for monitoring the network activity on your system.

💡Quick Linux tip

Nautilus has the feature to show recently visited folders. On the top left, right-click on the back arrow to get the list of previously visited folders.

🤣 Meme of the week

Ubuntu is embracing Snap. The users might not ;)

🗓️ Tech trivia

File sharing service Napster was released on June 1, 1999. The service provided a simple way for users to copy and distribute MP3 music files. It became an instant hit among young internet users. Napster was sued by the Recording Industry Association of America a few months later and as a result, it was shut down in 2002.

🧩 Puzzle (for Pro members only)

This week's puzzle is slightly like crosswords, but it's not exactly the same.

When you answer all the questions correctly, it reveals a hidden word. Can you do that?

🧑‍🤝‍🧑 FOSSverse corner

A long-time It's FOSS reader, Ernie, shared his experience finding the perfect distro for his older laptop.

🎉 We reached 21,000 members on It's FOSS. Thanks for being part of this journey.

❤️ Enjoying FOSS Weekly?

Forward it to Linux-using friends and encourage them to subscribe (hint: it's here).

Become a Pro member and show your support 🙏

Share the newsletter and the articles in Linux communities on Reddit and other platforms.

Native French or Deutsch speaker? Like the Spanish section, I am looking to expand It's FOSS in French and Deutsch languages. And I need help with the translation. Want to help me out? Press the reply button :)

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Selasa, 30 Mei 2023

Install and Use pipx in Linux

Pip is a popular tool for installing Python packages and modules from Python Package Index.

However, in recent distribution versions, pip users are encountering an externally-managed-environment error.

That's a 'feature' added to avoid conflicts between Python packages installed via Pip and the native package manager. Python wants you to use separate virtual environments instead of installing the package at the global level via Pip.

This is where pipx comes into the picture. It creates a new virtual environment for each application you install and then creates links to local binary in the /bin at the global level. All this is automatic. It saves time and effort for you.

Let's see how to install and use Pipx on Ubuntu and other Linux distributions.

Install pipx on Ubuntu and other Linux

The installation is straightforward and can be installed using the following command on Ubuntu and Debian:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install pipx

For other distributions, please use your package manager and install it.

Once you are done with the installation, add it to the $PATH so it can be accessed from everywhere:

pipx ensurepath

Close the terminal and start it again. That's it! Now, let's have a look at how to use it.

Using pipx

What is the primary use of a package manager? Package installation, updation, and removal.

Let me show how you can do the following with pipx:

Search packages
Package installation
Upgradation
Package removal

Let's start with the installation.

How to install packages using pipx

To install packages using pipx, you'd have to follow a simple command syntax:

pipx install <package_name>

For example, here, I installed a very useful program Cowsay:

pipx install cowsay

Similarly, if you want to install a specific version of the package, you'd have to insert the version number followed by == as shown:

pipx install package==version

For example, here, I installed numpy version 1.24.1:

pipx install numpy==1.24.1

How to search packages

The pipx utility does not have a search feature (because of limited API use of PyPI) but that doesn't mean you can't search Python packages.

To search packages, you'd have to install pypisearch:

pipx install pypisearch

Once you do that, you can search the packages using the pypisearch command:

pypisearch python_package_name

Here, I searched for neofetch:

How to upgrade packages using pipx

Like any other modern package manager, you can upgrade all packages at once or you can upgrade one package at a time.

To upgrade all the packages at once, all you have to do is execute the following command:

pipx upgrade-all

As you can see, it upgraded numpy to the latest version.

But if you want to upgrade a specific package, here's how you do it:

pipx upgrade package-name

Let's say I want to upgrade cowsay package to the latest version, then, I will be using the following:

pipx upgrade cowsay

How to uninstall packages using pipx

To remove packages, you'd have to use the uninstall flag as shown:

pipx uninstall package_name

For your reference, here, I removed numpy from my system:

pipx uninstall numpy

Pip or Pipx?

The restrictions put on Pip have limited its use by the end users. Thankfully, Pipx provides the much-needed alternative. It meets the Python guidelines of using virtual environments and, at the same time, allows installed applications to be available at the global level.

For end users, who are not Python application developers, this gives the option to use Python applications unavailable in distribution repositories.

I hope you find this tutorial helpful. Let me know if you have questions or suggestions.

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Senin, 29 Mei 2023

How to Update Snap Packages in Ubuntu

The snap packages are now an integral part of Ubuntu.

I mean, you can remove Snap from Ubuntu but they are still at the core of Ubuntu.

When it comes to updating Ubuntu, you'll come across apt update and apt upgrade commands. No one really talks about snap update command.

That's because Snap updates are automatically updated to newer versions. It's built-in to the Snap mechanism. Your system checks for the updates multiple times daily and updates Snap applications automatically.

But this does not mean you cannot update Snap packages manually. Knowing about Snap updates also help you understand some of the underlying mechanism.

Let me show you how Snap update works and how you can control various parameters.

📋

The snap refresh command is used for updating Snap packages.

Check Snap update schedule

As I mentioned earlier, the snapd daemon checks for updates on installed Snap packages multiple times a day. By default, it checks for updates four times a day.

You can see all these details using this command:

snap refresh --time

It gives me the following output:

In here, timer: 00:00~24:00/4 tells you that the refresh check takes place 4 times in the span of 24 hours.

It also shows that the last Snap update check took place at 09:19 and the next one is scheduled at 15:33.

🏋️

You can change the refresh schedule for snaps using refresh.timer option. For example, sudo snap set system refresh.timer=6:00-8:00,20:00-22:00 will make the Snap update check to happen between 6 and 8 in the morning and 8 and 10 at night.

See which Snap applications can be updated

You can check which Snap packages have updates available with the following command:

snap refresh --list

If no Snap package has updates, you'll see this message.

All snaps up to date.

Update all Snap packages manually

If you don't want to wait till the next Snap refresh, you can surely manually update all the Snap packages that can be updated.

All you have to do is to run this command:

sudo snap refresh

And see the updates take place.

Update specific Snap packages

If you only want to update a specific Snap package, use:

sudo snap refresh package_name

You'll need to be precise with the package name, of course. You can also provide multiple packages to be updated.

sudo snap refresh package_1 package_2

Please note that some Snap applications (that are usually installed in classic mode) are not updated in the background. You have to close the running Snap applications and then update them.

Check changes made by Snap updates

Since Snap updates mostly work in the background, you may wonder what changes were made

snap changes

It should show what changes Snap made in the last refresh.

You can see the details of each change by using the ID it shows.

snap change change_ID

Revert the updated Snap application

By default, Snap saves one older version of the Snap packages. If you do not like the newly updated version, you can go back to the previous one with the revert option.

sudo snap revert package_name

Prevent a package from updates

If you would like to stay on the current version for a particular package, you can hold it to prevent it from automatic updates.

sudo snap refresh --hold package_name

When you are ready to accept updates on the package, you can unhold it.

sudo snap refresh --unhold package_name

You may also unhold all the held packages in one go:

sudo snap refresh --unhold

🏋️

You can hold a package for a specific time with sudo snap refresh --hold=duration package_name. The duration can be in hours, minutes or even seconds.

In the end...

If you use mobile data from time to time and do not want Snap auto-updates to eat away all your precious data, here's a trick for that.

The command below will prevent Snap updates on metered connections. In network settings, you can set your mobile network as metered.

sudo snap set system refresh.metered=hold

More about Snap updates can be found in the official documentation.

And that's it. I guess you know a lot more about Snap updates than you did earlier. Let me know what new stuff you learned in the comments. Any other question or suggestion is also weclome.

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Rabu, 24 Mei 2023

FOSS Weekly #23.21: Pip Issue, CPU Stress Testing and More Linux Stuff

It seems like Pip is changing its behavior to avoid conflicts with native Linux packages. The change is now present in Ubuntu 23.10 and Fedora 38, where you'll run into an error while using Pip.

And we have new badges for Pro members 🤘

💬 Let's see what else you have in this edition of FOSS Weekly:

Addressing the Pip issue in Ubuntu 23.10
Stress testing CPU
And other Linux news, videos, puzzles and, of course, memes!

📰 Linux news

Lightweight distro Bodhi Linux released version 7.0 beta.
Fedora 36 has reached end of life. Existing users should upgrade to a newer version.
Cloudflare has launched a new sponsorship program for OSS projects.

Twitter's original co-founder Jack Dorsey's Bluesky recently open-sourced their Web, Android, and iOS applications.

🧠 What we’re thinking about

This is going to resonate with many long-time Ubuntu users.

🧮 Tutorials

You cannot use Pip for installing Python packages in Ubuntu 23.10. At least not directly. Here's why and what you can do about it.

When building a new system, stress testing the CPU is a way to check your processor's performance capabilities under heavy load.

Brave has the picture-in-picture mode. It's just not obvious like Firefox. Here's how to use it.

📹 What we are watching

2 videos in 2 weeks... now we are rolling ⛹️

✨ Application highlights

VidCutter is a nifty tool for trimming and merging videos on Linux. That's it. No fancy video editing features here.

💡Quick Linux tip

The usual way of hiding files from normal view is to add dot (.) before the filenames.

In Nautilus and perhaps some other file managers, you can hide multiple files and folders without renaming them.

All you have to do is to create a text file named .hidden and add the names of the folders and files you want to hide to this file.

Now, close your file explorer and start it again. The files and directories mentioned in the .hidden file will be hidden and can only be viewed with Ctrl+H keys.

🧩 Puzzle (for Pro members only)

This week you have scrambled e̶g̶g̶s̶ words. The puzzle is composed of various Linux-related terms and applications.

🛍️ Interesting offer

Unleash the creative power of Blender, the free and open-source software tool for 3D artists, with this bundle of books from Packt.

🤣 Meme of the week

Linux can be very welcoming to new users!

🗓️ Tech Trivia

On May 24, 1844, Samuel Morse sent the first telegraph over a line from Washington, D.C. to Baltimore. He sent 'What hath God wrought' to his partner Alfred Vail, who retransmitted the same message back to Morse.

The famous Morse code is named after Samuel Morse.

🆕 FOSSverse updates

Now the Pro members get honor badges displayed with their names in both Community and the Comments sections.

I guess that gives you one more reason to upgrade to It's FOSS Pro membership 😉

❤️ Enjoying FOSS Weekly?

Forward it to Linux-using friends and encourage them to subscribe (hint: it's here).

Become a Pro member and show your support 🙏

Something else? Share it with me by pressing the reply button.

Keep on Linux-ing with It's FOSS :)

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